沙盤在以前主要用于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)?，F(xiàn)今我們也常常在軍事題材的影片中我看到指揮員們站在一個(gè)地形模型前研究作戰(zhàn)方案。那么你知道沙盤是怎么制作的嗎？今天給大家分享下沙盤模型制作方法。

　　Sand table used to be mainly used for war. Nowadays, we often see commanders standing in front of a terrain model to study the battle plan in military films. So do you know how the sand table is made? Today, I'd like to share with you how to make the sand table model.

　　工具/原料

　　Tools / raw materials

　　沙盤框，托凳，細(xì)沙，泥土，地模型，表示道路，江河的各色紙(布)條，渲染地貌色調(diào)的鋸末，顏料，表示戰(zhàn)斗行動(dòng)的兵棋，隊(duì)標(biāo)和隊(duì)號(hào)，說明居民地，高地和江河名稱用的紙牌，以及竹簽(木簽)，線繩，圖釘，米尺，毛筆，鐵鍬等工具。

　　Sandbox, stool, fine sand, earth, ground model, representing roads, river colored paper (cloth) strips, rendering sawdust, color, battle action, team and team numbers, indicating residential areas, highlands and river names, and bamboo sticks (wooden sticks), rope, pin, meter, brush, shovel and other tools.

　　方法/步驟

　　Method / step

　　1、設(shè)置沙盤

　　1. Setting up a sand table

　　先將沙盤框放置穩(wěn)妥，盡量使沙盤的方位和現(xiàn)地一致，再鋪上3-5厘米厚，濕度適當(dāng)?shù)纳惩?，并用木板刮平壓緊，作為min等高線的平面，然后打上和地形圖相應(yīng)的方格，在沙盤框周圍注記相應(yīng)的編號(hào)。

　　Firstly, the sand table frame shall be placed stably to make the direction of the sand table consistent with that of the site as far as possible, and then 3-5cm thick sand soil with appropriate humidity shall be paved, and the wood plate shall be used for scraping and pressing, as the plane of Min contour line, and then the corresponding grid with the topographic map shall be marked, and the corresponding serial number shall be noted around the sand table frame.
 

　　2、堆積地貌

　　2. Cumulate landform

　　(1)依照方格將地形圖上已選定的min等高線，能控制地貌基本形狀的等高線，以及山頂，鞍部，山腳，傾斜變換點(diǎn)和江河等到的位置畫到沙盤面上。

　　(1) According to the grid, draw the selected min contour on the topographic map, the contour that can control the basic shape of the landform, as well as the positions of the top of the mountain, saddle, foot of the mountain, change point of inclination and rivers to the sand table surface.

　　(2)將計(jì)算好的山頂，鞍部，山腳，傾斜變換點(diǎn)和江河彎曲部等起伏明顯和點(diǎn)，分別插上竹簽.竹簽的高度，為該點(diǎn)在沙盤上的高度加上底層沙土的厚度。

　　(2) Insert bamboo sticks into the calculated peaks, saddles, foothills, inclined transformation points, river bends and other obvious undulations and points, respectively. The height of bamboo sticks is the height of the point on the sand table plus the thickness of the underlying sand.

　　(3)在min等到高線范圍內(nèi)，以竹簽和等高線為依據(jù)，先堆出山頂，鞍部，山背等的概略形狀作為骨干，再修整其他部分.如沙盤較大，可分片堆積，先堆積進(jìn)出困難處，后堆積進(jìn)出方便處.堆積時(shí)，應(yīng)隨時(shí)對(duì)照地形圖，以正確顯示地貌的起伏狀況，并應(yīng)隨時(shí)將沙土壓緊，以免崩塌變形.如有較大的江河，湖泊，應(yīng)在修整地貌時(shí)一并挖成.堆積完畢，應(yīng)作全面檢查和修整，并從高到低逐層撒上與地面顏色相符的鋸末(或噴以顏色)。

　　(3) Within the range of min to the contour line, based on bamboo sticks and contour lines, pile out the outline shape of the mountain top, saddle and back as the backbone, and then trim other parts. For example, if the sand table is large, it can be stacked in pieces, first in and out of the difficult places, and then in and out of the convenient places. When stacking, it is necessary to check the topographic map at any time to correctly display the undulation of the landform, and compact the sand and soil at any time In order to avoid collapse and deformation, if there are large rivers and lakes, they shall be excavated together when trimming the landform. After stacking, they shall be comprehensively inspected and trimmed, and sawdust (or spray with color) matching with the ground color shall be sprinkled layer by layer from high to low.

　　3、設(shè)置地物

　　3. Set up figures

　　沙盤上的地物，如房屋，鐵路，橋梁，樹木和獨(dú)立地物等，多用相似的模型表示，公路和鄉(xiāng)村路用寬窄不等，顏色不同的紙(布條)表示;江河用藍(lán)色紙條或鋸末表示;樹林用小樹枝或綠色鋸末表示.地物的大小，應(yīng)與水平比例尺相適應(yīng)，關(guān)系位置要求正確.設(shè)置地物，應(yīng)按水系，居民地，道路，樹林和獨(dú)立地物的順序進(jìn)行設(shè)置，在相應(yīng)的位置上插上地名，江河名，山名和高程注記等紙牌。

　　The features on the sand table, such as houses, railways, bridges, trees and independent features, are mostly represented by similar models. Roads and rural roads are represented by paper (cloth) of different widths and colors; rivers are represented by blue paper or sawdust; The forest is represented by twigs or green sawdust. The size of the features shall be suitable for the horizontal scale, and the relationship position shall be correct. The features shall be set according to the sequence of water system, residential area, road, forest and independent features, and the corresponding positions shall be inserted with cards such as place name, river name, mountain name and elevation annotation.

　　4、設(shè)置戰(zhàn)術(shù)情況

　　4. Set tactical situation

　　戰(zhàn)術(shù)情況，通常根據(jù)預(yù)定的作戰(zhàn)方案或訓(xùn)練想定，用制式的兵棋，臨時(shí)制作的隊(duì)標(biāo)，隊(duì)號(hào)等進(jìn)行設(shè)置.設(shè)置時(shí)，先設(shè)戰(zhàn)斗分界線，而后按先敵后我，由前沿到縱深的順序進(jìn)行.如需顯示敵，我設(shè)防工程時(shí)，應(yīng)先設(shè)置工作設(shè)施，后設(shè)置戰(zhàn)術(shù)情況。

　　The tactical situation is usually determined according to the predetermined battle plan or training scenario, using the standard war chess, temporarily made team mark, team number, etc. when setting, the battle boundary is set first, and then it is carried out in the order of first enemy and then me, from the front to the depth. If it is necessary to display the enemy, when setting up the defense project, we should first set up the working facilities, and then set up the tactical situation.

　　5、整飾

　　5. Finishing

　　上述各項(xiàng)工作完成后，應(yīng)詳細(xì)對(duì)照檢查，并標(biāo)明沙盤的名稱，指北箭頭和比例尺，需要時(shí)用線繩拉上坐標(biāo)網(wǎng)。

　　After the above work is completed, it shall be checked in detail, and the name of sand table shall be indicated, the north arrow and scale shall be pointed out, and the coordinate network shall be pulled up with wire rope when necessary.